“The Wrong Purchase” By: Jesso Junnie Ryan Delicano

It was a bright sunny day in the city of Nabu, when the Council of Knights was having a meeting with the merchant Scar. Scar was introducing his newly developed weapon to the council. He said that the weapon is highly modernized because it can be a laser sword and a gun at the same time. He also bragged that the knights of Moscow and Washington were the first one to use it. The Knights was impressed on the explanation of Scar so they purchased 300pcs. for all the knights Nabu.
Every person in the council was happy and excited except for Yoda, an ordinary member of the council. In his mind he taught that purchasing the weapon without a product testing or just showing them how it worked is very dangerous thing to do. It might cause harm to them because Scar never showed them how to use the weapon or just showed them what the weapon looks like. Scar only showed them a PowerPoint presentation on the features of the weapon. But Yoda was only keeping it fir himself because he’s only an ordinary member of the council and he doesn’t have the guts to speak up what’s on his mind to his leader, Luke Skywalker.
After five weeks the weapons were already delivered to the knight’s headquarters. The weapons are distributed to all the knights in the headquarters. Yoda received his weapon and noticed that his name is engraved in the weapon. It was very light and handy and its length is very fit for close combat. Yoda compared the weapon to his old weapon to his old weapon and noticed that it is a quarter smaller than the old one. Then another doubt played on his mind. He wondered how a very small object can handle a very strong force in a laser and can make the laser shot. But then again Yoda just kept it on his mind.
The knights were then feared in battlefield because of their new weapon. As the knights win more fights the merchant Scar became richer because more orders are coming.
As the knights fought a battle against the Vikings Yoda noticed that the casing of the weapon is heating and somewhat melting. He was very alarmed on what he just discovered, so he left the battle field and went directly to his private lab in his own house. He immediately started his studies about the weapon. His studies showed that if the weapon is used in 7 days the casing will weaken and if it cannot handle the power anymore it will explode.
He rushed to the headquarters to tell his master about what he just discovered about the weapon. On his way to the headquarters he heard some big explosions from the battlefield. Upon hearing the explosions he switch directions toward the battlefield. When he reached the battlefield he realized that it’s already too late because majority of the weapon had already exploded and killed his fellow knights and some enemies. He immediately informed he generals of what happened. So they decided to fire a nuclear to the camp of the Vikings to kill them and let them win the battle. After realizing that most of its comrades are dead the remaining Vikings run for their lives. But then the knights realized that they may have win the war but most of their comrades died because of the faulty weapon.
After the war Luke Skywalker called for an emergency meeting for the council members. They decided to file a case against merchant Scar for selling them those weapons. They also agreed that Yoda will be the representative of the council in the court because he studied law in the University of Cambridge.
In the day of the hearing Scar and the queen was present; she serves as the judge for the case because as a citizen they have the Right to be Heard by Queen. Yoda explained told the queen the whole story. Then Scar defended himself and said that the council has the Right to Choose and he did not force them to buy his product. Upon hearing what Scar had said Yoda explained that indeed they have the right to choose but they also have the Right of Accurate Information and Scar never told them that his product can explode if used straight in 7 days. Yoda also added that they have the Right to Safety and Scar gave them a weapon that is not safe to use by any person. Scar was speechless when he heard Yoda’s speech. The queen smiled and announced that the accused is proven guilty by the testimony Yoda so the accused will be imprisoned in 5 years and since the council has the Right to Compensation for Damage, Scar must pay $10,000,000 to the council of knights. Upon hearing the decision Scar just cried because all his money will go to the council and nothing will be left for him to pay for his freedom.
When Scar was already imprisoned the Queen talked to the council and she said that she hopes they learned a lesson because to be a responsible buyer every person buyer must be vigilant, must know how to take action, must be concerned about the community and environment and must also foster unity. Then after that the queen left the council with a smile.

Reflection Paper
The Scriptural Image of the Church


The Church is often called the building of God. This building has many names to describe: the house of God, the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit and many more. But the real reason why the church was founded is that to proclaim and to magnify the name of the Lord. But this reason cannot be done by the building but this needs the support of the people. That’s why the people are the chosen race, royal priesthood, holy nation, and a people He claims to be His own. So the church as temple of the Holy Spirit stresses the truth that the animating bond of the Church is the Holy Spirit. It follows then that each member, if he/she is to be open to the prompting of the spirit, must give just reverence to the church, respect to himself and to each member of the church, so that the Spirit’s work of sanctification in and through the church may be fully realized.

Ibang Kahulugan Ng Mga Teoryang Pampanitikan

Teoryang Klasismo/Klasisismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay maglahad ng mga pangyayaring payak, ukol sa pagkakaiba ng estado sa buhay ng dalawang nag-iibigan, karaniwan ang daloy ng mga pangyayari, matipid at piling-pili sa paggamit ng mga salita at laging nagtatapos nang may kaayusan.

Teoryang Humanismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita na ang tao ang sentro ng mundo; ay binibigyang-tuon ang kalakasan at mabubuting katangian ng tao gaya ng talino, talento atbp.

Teoryang Imahismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay gumamit ng mga imahen na higit na maghahayag sa mga damdamin, kaisipan, ideya, saloobin at iba pang nais na ibahagi ng may-adka na higit na madaling maunawaan kaysa gumamit lamang ng karaniwang salita. Sa halip na paglalarawan at tuwirang maglalahad ng mga imahen na layong ilantad ang totoong kaisipan ng pahayag sa loob ng panitikan.

Teoryang Realismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita ang mga karanasan at nasaksisan ng may-akda sa kanyang lipunan. Samakatuwid, ang panitikan ay hango sa totoong buhay ngunit hindi tuwirang totoo sapagkat isinaalang-alang ng may-akda ang kasiningan at pagkaefektibo ng kanyang sinulat.

Teoryang Feminismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay magpakilala ng mga kalakasan at kakayahang pambabae at iangat ang pagtingin ng lipunan sa mga kababaihan. Madaling matukoy kung ang isang panitikan ay feminismo sapagkat babae o sagisag babae ang pangunahing tauhan ay ipimayagpag ang mabubuti at magagandang katangian ng tauhan.

Teoryang Arkitaypal

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita ang mga mahahalagang bahagi ng akda sa pamamagitan ng mga simbolo. Ngunit hindi basta-basta masusuri ang mga simbolismo sa akda. Pinakamainam na alamin muna ang kabuuang konsepto at tema ng panitikan sapagkat ang mga simbolismong napapaloob sa akda ay magkaugnay sa isa’t isa. Ang lahat ng simbolismo ay naaayon sa tema at konseptong ipinapakilala ng may-akda sa mga mambabasa.

Teoryang Formalismo/Formalistiko

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay iparating sa mambabasa ang nais niyang ipaabot gamit ang kanyang tuwirang panitikan. Samakatuwid, kung ano ang sinasabi ng may-akda sa kanyang panitikan ang siyang nais niyang ipaabot sa mambabasa – walang labis at walang kulang. Walang simbolismo at hindi humihingi ng higit na malalimang pagsusuri’t pang-unawa.

Teoryang Saykolohikal/Sikolohikal

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipaliwanag sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakita ng mga salig (factor) sa pagbuo ng naturang behavior (pag-uugali, paniniwala, pananaw, pagkatao) sa isang tauhan sa kanyang akda. Ipinakikita sa akda na ang tao ay nagbabago o nagkakaroon ng panibagong behavior dahil may nag-udyok na mabago o mabuo ito.

Teoryang Eksistensyalismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita na may kalayaan ang tao na pumili o magdesisyon para sa kanyang sarili na siyang pinakasentro ng kanyang pananatili sa mundo (human existence).

Teoryang Romantisismo

Ang layunin ng teoryang ito ay ipamalas ang iba’t ibang paraan ng tao o sumasagisag sa tao sa pag-aalay ng kanyang pag-ibig sa kapwa, bansa at mundong kinalakhan. Ipinakikita rin sa akda na gagawin at gagawin ng isang nilalang ang lahat upang maipaalam lamang ang kanyang pag-ibig sa tao o bayang napupusuan.

Teoryang Markismo/Marxismo

Ang layunin ng teoryang ito ay ipakita na ang tao o sumasagisag sa tao ay may sariling kakayahan na umangat buhat sa pagdurusang dulot ng pang-ekononiyang kahirapan at suliraning panlipunan at pampulitika. Ang mga paraan ng pag-ahon mula sa kalugmukan sa adka ay nagsisilbing modelo para sa mga mambabasa.

Teoryang Sosyolohikal

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita ang kalagayan at suliraning panlipunan ng lipunang kinabibilangan ng may-akda. Naipakikita rito ang pamaraan ng mga tauhan sa pagsugpo sa suliranin o kalagayan ng lipunan na nagsisilbing gabay sa mga mambabasa sa magpuksa sa mga katulad na suliranin.

Teoryang Moralistiko

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ilahad ang iba’t ibang pamantayang sumusukat sa moralidad ng isang tao – ang pamantayan ng tama at mali. Inilalahad din nito ang mga pilosopiya o proposisyong nagsasaad sa pagkatama o kamalian ng isang kilos o ugali ayon sa pamantayang itinakda ng lipunan. Sa madaling sabi, ang moralidad ay napagkakasunduan ayon na rin sa kaantasan nito.

Teoryang Bayograpikal

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipamalas ang karanasan o kasagsagan sa buhay ng may-akda. Ipinahihiwatig sa mga akdang bayograpikal ang mga bahagi sa buhay ng may-akda na siya niyang pinakamasaya, pinakamahirap, pinakamalungkot at lahat ng mga “pinaka” na inaasahang magsilbing katuwang ng mambabasa sa kanyang karanasan sa mundo.

Teoryang Queer

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay iangat at pagpantayin sa paningin ng lipunan sa mga homosexual. Kung ang mga babae ay may feminismo ang mga homosexual naman ay queer.

Teoryang Historikal

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita ang karanasan ng isang lipi ng tao na siyang masasalamin sa kasaysayan au bahagi ng kanyang pagkahubog. Nais din nitong ipakita na ang kasaysayan ay bahagi ng buhay ng tao at ng mundo.

Teoryang Kultural

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakilala ang kultura ng may-akda sa mga hindi nakakaalam. Ibinabahagi ng may-akda ang mga kaugalian, paniniwala at tradisyon minana at ipasa sa mga sunod na salinlahi. Ipinakikita rin dito na bawat lipi ay natatangi.

Teoryang Feminismo-Markismo

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ilantad ang iba’t ibang paraan ng kababaihan sa pagtugon sa suliraning kanyang kinakaharap. Isang halimbawa nito ay ang pagkilala sa prostitusyon bilang tuwirang tugon sa suliraning dinaranas sa halip na ito’y kasamaan at suliranin ng lipunan.

Teoryang Dekonstraksyon

Ang layunin ng panitikan ay ipakita ang iba’t ibang aspekto na bumubuo sa tao at mundo. Pinaniniwalaan kasi ng ilang mga pilosopo at manunulat na walang iisang pananaw ang nag-udyok sa may-akda na sumulat kundi ang pinaghalu-halong pananaw na ang nais iparating ay ang kabuuan ng pagtao at mundo.